The Reforms Of Public Benefits For Needy Families

The Reforms of public benefits for needy families in the U.S. and specifically single mothers, which took place in August of 1996, was an important step since its inception with FDR in 1935. Many requirements were imposed onto public benefits eligibility, such as work and income requirement and establishing a time limit for public aid. Effects of the reform were hard to ignore as it resulted in decreasing governmental expenditure and heavy program caseloads. However, the big debate about public benefits is of which welfare discourages work and it provided a golden plate those who built comfort in it. Although many researches show the reform has a positive effect on employment, earnings, and income of single mothers, but generally negative†¦show more content†¦By giving the states primary authority for program design, the law eliminated the federal entitlement to cash assistance for low- income families with children. The new law gave the states strong incentives to push more welfare recipients into jobs or job placement programs. Furthermore, concerned about long-term welfare use, it mandated time limits on access to federally funded programs, limiting eligibility to 60 months over a woman’s lifetime. Supporters of the reform believed that the legislation would reduce welfare dependency and encourage single mothers into employment more quickly, increasing their earning and leaving them better off in the long run. According to the national welfare data, 90 percent of welfare recipients are single mothers. The Focus of this research paper will be mainly concerned with this group. The federal government provides publics assistance to the poor through variety of programs. Public, private nonprofit and private for-profit organizations all cooperate in the provision of these programs. Public assistance includes food stamps programs, cash assistance for single mothers, medical assistance and general assistance. These programs were designed as a safety net for needy families. Many welfare recipients are reluctant to look for a job or continue their education once they start receiving public benefits. Policy wonks have long

Helping Caregivers Overcome The Mental And Physical Stress...

Helping caregivers overcome the mental physical stress of caring for hospice patients Roberto Acosta New Mexico State University October 28, 2016 Helping caregivers overcome the mental physical stress of caring for hospice patients Caregivers play an integral role in improving the quality of life for hospice patients. Most of the individuals involved in caring for the terminally ill are family members. However, caring for terminally ill patients can adversely affect the caregiver’s overall health. Gallese, Keysers and Rozzolatti (2004) emphasize that caregivers suffer from worse physical and mental health compared to their non-caregiving counterparts. One of the major causes of poor physical and mental health amongst caregivers entails the high level of stress associated with the care giving role. The caregivers’ stress is caused by a multitude of stressors such as role adjustment, end-of-life decision making and financial strain. Alternatively, stress also arises from the patient’s suffering (Hebert, Arnold Schultz, 2007). Problem statement To enhance their effectiveness and efficiency in caring for hospice, it is imperative for clinicians and medical practitioners to develop an effective approach that will help caregivers overcome the mental and physical stress of caring for hospice patients. Most of the interventions developed are aimed at improving the caregivers’ knowledge and skills on how to care for their terminally ill patients such asShow MoreRelatedCompassion Fatigue9142 Words   |  37 Pagesand safety of patient care. Today the proportion of acute patients entering the health care system through emergency departments continues to grow and the number of patients in the Intensive care unit also increasing. In emergency room department, the Emergency medical services (EMS) workers are primary providers of pre-hospital emergency medical care and integral components of disaster response. The potentially hazardous job duties of EMS workers include lifting patients and equipmentRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pagesbecause they have a lot more co-morbidities that need to be treated. Being brought to the ED is extremely expensive. Critical interventions are very costly, and so are all the diagnostic tests that must be done. They usually don’t have insurance. High mental heath issues in the homeless population. High risk for infections, trauma, violence. Don’t age very well. Where do they seek health care services? (pg. 425, Effects of Homeless on Health) Health care is usually crisis oriented and sought in emergencyRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagesnurses to make the changes needed for a more accessible, cost-effective, and highquality health care system. Since its foundation 40 years ago, the IOM has produced many reports echoing the theme of high-quality, safe, effective, evidence-based, and patient-centered care. The present report expands on this theme by addressing the critical role of nursing. It demonstrates that achieving a successful health care system in the future rests on the future of nursing. Harvey V. Fineberg, M.D., Ph.D. PresidentRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesAdvancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care A Roadmap for Hospitals Quality Safety Equity A Roadmap for Hospitals Project Staff Amy Wilson-Stronks, M.P.P., Project Director, Health Disparities, Division of Quality Measurement and Research, The Joint Commission. Paul Schyve, M.D., Senior Vice President, The Joint Commission Christina L. Cordero, Ph.D., M.P.H., Associate Project Director, Division of Standards and Survey Methods, The Joint

Beloved

Beloved-Water Motif Essay Beloved In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison writes about the life of former slaves of Sweet Home. Sethe, one of the main characters, was once a slave to a man and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. Garner. After Garners sudden death, schoolteacher comes to Sweet Home and takes control of the slaves. His treatment of all the slaves forced them to run away. Fearing that her children would be sold, Sethe sent her two boys and her baby girl ahead to her mother-in-law. On the way to freedom, a white girl named Amy Denver helped Sethe deliver her daughter, who she later names Denver. About a month after Sethe escapes slavery, schoolteacher found her and tried to bring her back. In fear that her children would be brought back into slavery, Sethe killed her older daughter and attempted to kill Denver and her boys. Sethe, along with Denver, was sent to prison and spent three months there. Buglar and Howard, her two sons, eventually ran away. After about eighteen years, another ex-slave from Sweet Home, Paul D., came to live with Sethe and Denver. A few days later, while coming home from a carnival, Sethe, Paul D., and Denver found a young woman of about twenty on their porch. She claimed her name is Beloved. They took her in and she lived with them. Throughout the novel, Morrison uses many symbols and imagery to express her thoughts and to help us better understand the characters. Morrison uses the motif of water throughout the novel to represent birth, re-birth, and escape to freedom. In Beloved, one of the things that water represents is birth. When Sethe was running away form Sweet Home, she was pregnant. In order to get to freedom, she had to cross the Ohio River. On the way to the river, Sethe met a young white girl named Amy Denver. Amy helped Sethe to keep going because her feet were swollen up. When Sethe and Amy got to the river, Sethe thought the baby had died during the previous night. However, she soon felt the signs of labor. It looked like home to her, and the baby (not dead in the least) must have thought so too. As soon as Sethe got close to the river her own water broke loose to join it. The break, followed by the redundant announcement of labor, arched her back (p. 83). Sethe crawled into a boat that soon began to fill with water. It was in this boat that Sethe gave birth to Denver. When a foot rose from the riverbed and kicked the bottom of the boat and Sethes behind, she knew it was done and permitted herself a short faint (p. 84). In these two passages, water signifies birth. Denver was thought to be dead until Sethe reached the river, a large body of water. Also, Denver is actually born in the water because the boat that Sethe was in was filled up with water. When Beloved first appears at Sethes house, Sethe leans in to look at the womans face. As she does so, she suddenly feels a great need to relive herself. She never made the outhouse. Right in front of its door she had to lift her skirts, and the water she voided was endless. Like a horse, she thought, but as it went on and on she thought, No, more like flooding the boat when Denver was born (p.50). When Sethe looked at Beloveds face, her bladder filled up. When she was relieving herself, the amount of urine reminded her of flooding the boat when her water broke at the time Denver was born. .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 , .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .postImageUrl , .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 , .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9:hover , .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9:visited , .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9:active { border:0!important; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9:active , .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9 .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9a0a530de9336c01b00c91bd4c18ed9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dr Faustus as a Tragic Hero Essay Denvers birth is associated many times with water. Throughout her novel, Toni Morrison also uses the motif of water to signify re-birth. When we first meet Beloved, Morrison writes, A fully dressed woman walked out of the water (p. 50). In this passage, Beloved, the daughter that Sethe murdered 18 years ago, comes back to the world of the living. She comes straight out of the water. Here, water signifies the re-birth of Beloved. When Beloved is taken into the house, the only thing she asks for is water. She said

The Role of IT in Business Success Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Impact of IT on Business. Answer: Introduction Information technology can no longer be characterised as a complementary function, this because it serves as a pre-requisite for business. In fact, all business operations from complex operational activities to generic functions use information technology as the foundational concept. Furthermore, its application is also necessitated by the business environment seen today where competition is at an all-time high. Customers have access to many services and product providers which push these originations (service providers) to seek better methods of serving their customers. IT offers innovative ideas that meet both the demands of the customers as well as the suppliers, convenient solutions that in most cases are characterised with many benefits including improved efficiency (Afzal-Butt 2015). Now, this brief report highlights the overall impact of IT in business while using Telstra, an Australian telecommunication company as a case study. In the analysis, the effects of technology are highlighted including the need and importance of innovation in business. Furthermore, implementation requirements are highlighted which then outlines the use of IT in the business. In addition to this, the benefits and risk of incorporating technology are given which then outlines the precautions taken in business while using IT. Impact of IT on business IT needs for business service As a company, Telstra is the biggest service provider in the field of telecommunication where it serves millions of customers across the Oceanic region. Its success in business is highly attributed to technology particularly because it offers IT solutions to its customers. Therefore, even without considering the IT solutions it uses to facilitate its operations, its business objectives are IT solutions which must be offered to customers with the utmost efficiency (Telstra 2017). Nevertheless, a closer look at the organisation outlines their operational infrastructure which at the core of business is facilitated by intricate networks, communication systems and internet standards/protocols. These IT system enables the organisation to offer customers services such as internet connection and communication services (Sheahan 2017). Apart from this basic functionalities, Telstra faces a lot of competition from other telecommunication services which when combined with the customers demands has led it to incorporate new and innovative ideas in its service delivery system. For instance, its operational systems are completely automated using information systems which have streamlined its in-house activities. Moreover, the same systems are used to interact with the customers which have increased their customer relation services. Furthermore, to support these IS, advanced storage facilities in name of data centres are used to handle data, further enhancing its analysis methods more so through business intelligence (Telstra, 2017). I.T. as a business survival tactic Telstra was founded in 1975 and since then has been a leader in the field of innovation and telecommunication services. In its early years, it faced little competition as very few organisations had the capabilities or even expertise to offer the services it gave to customers. However, since the boom of technology, it has faced stiff competition especially from Optus, the second largest company in Australia offering telecommunication services. To retain its market share, Telstra has had to offer better solutions through innovation and improved service delivery (Kramer, Jenkins Katz 2007). For instance, it has enhanced its internet services through broadband, dial-up and satellite internet connections. Furthermore, other than offering improved services, its operations have been enhanced which has helped them save on operational cost. Moreover, IT has optimised its services which have facilitated a better customer relation service which in the end has improved their customer retention endeavours and has led to the acquisition of new ones. Overall, IT has facilitated the survival of Telstra by increasing their services quota and by optimising them (Telstra 2017). I.T. requirements Strategies driven by the goals of an organisation are usually the first components of identifying the I.T. requirements in business. Essentially, these strategies will follow critical evaluations and assessments of an organisations infrastructure requirements. When identified, these requirements will then be used to highlight a plan for implementation, including the technologies and the features needed (Pilepic Simunic 2009). Furthermore, it is through these plans and their associated evaluations that cost estimates are made on the equipment and solution to be used. Therefore, without these strategies it's difficult to develop an effective integration plan between IT and business. A big company like Telstra has had countless reports and evaluation findings that have continuously outlined its IT demands. For one, they have to establish the returns of the proposed technology before implementing them. This process will require an estimation of the customers expected as a result of certain ventures. In all, any proposed IT solution must provide more output as compared to the input resource, an outcome estimated by evaluation strategies (Gocardless guides 2017). Telstra I.T. application (The use) Since Telstra offers telecommunication services, its redundant to mention them as a use of technology in the organisation, instead, lets focus on the IT solutions that are used to enhance its business. Information systems are a big part of the organisations success, for one, the internal infrastructure is coordinated by a holistic enterprise management system (ERP) that monitors operational activities. This system streamlines operations including resource and employee allocation. Furthermore, its offers a seamless transition from the supply chain to the service delivered to the customer (CBN 2017). On the other hand, external services are coordinated by a modern customer relationship management (CRM) system. This system will facilitate user inquiries such as payment for products/services and support requirements. Moreover, it helps Telstra coordinate its customer engagement programs where crucial data on customer behaviours and motivations is collected. Finally, the same system enhances its communication to its customers where general interactions i.e. emails, messages and social media alerts are sent (CBN 2017). I.T. benefits/advantages to Telstra In general, enterprises will incorporate IT into their businesses to increase the overall returns. This outcome can be met either by offering efficient services that result in more income or by optimising business operations to lower production costs. Either way, IT should enhance business to meet the objectives set. Below are some of the advantages experienced Telstra due to IT: Increased revenue Highlighting its internet services, Telstra has advanced the methods of delivering these services to customers. For instance, in 2013 it launched Belong, a low-cost connection that used broadband technology. In addition to this, its fibre network (HFC) is used to deliver television services to consumers (Telstra 2017). These venture among many other have increased the avenues for revenue generation which has increased its overall returns. Cost efficiency Through the conveniences offered by information systems, Telstra has lowered its operational costs. In return, the organisation has used the saved earnings to expand its business as seen in the previous advantage. In the end, these efficiencies have resulted in more income for the organisation. Time efficiency Telstra operates on a 24 hours basis, a mandatory requirement for the industry it operates. Its customers expect efficient services regardless of the time or season. Through its automated systems, these objectives can be met as only a few individuals are needed to monitor and coordinate operations. Flexibility and diversity Telstra as a result of past communication requirements have payphone services on the streets of Australia. These services have minimal applications because of the advancement in technology. However, through innovation, Telstra has transformed these stations into Wi-Fi hotspots which offer a convenient service to the customer who now predominantly use mobile devices (Kumar 2014). I.T. risks in business Similar to the adaptation seen in business, malicious individuals have also transformed their ways to fit the needs of today. Cybercrime is at an all-time high where using malicious techniques attackers use the vulnerabilities of information technology to steal information among other supported assets (Queensland Government 2017).). Telstra has a large customer base whose information is usually stored on the companys servers. This information includes messages, e-mails and even confidential data such as identification numbers among other items. As a result of its automated services, Telstra faces the risk of being attacked which could lead to substantial losses. This possible outcome outline the need for strong security protocols used by the company across its services (McConnell International 2000) Furthermore, the organisation has to contend with hardware and software failures caused by a range of reasons from product specifications to work overload. The failure of these systems can result in substantial losses again affecting business. However, most organisations like Telstra will implement many recovery procedures such as backup options among many others. In addition to the attacks and failures highlighted above, an organisation also faces a substantial risk on I.T systems that could be caused by human error. For instance, when using analysis tools wrong values due to human error can lead to catastrophic results as the systems will continuously escalate the errors (Queensland Government 2017). I.T. management Integrating IT into business is one thing, however, maintaining the established systems is usually the hardest part of the collaboration. Like in most organisation, Telstra has an entire department dedicated to the management of the I.T. infrastructure. This department like any other has various sections that perform specific purposes based on the resource requirements. For instance, the infrastructure team is responsible for maintaining the computational resources i.e. networks, servers, computers and any other component used to establish the links used by IT. On the other hand, the application department will monitor the automated resources including the intranet, ERP, CRM and other specialised tools used to conduct business (Rouse 2017). Now, IT management in this scenario outlines all activities that maintain the optimal operations of IT system such as network management where users are monitored to ensure they adhere to the rules and regulations. Moreover, it will include support services that enhance the already existing solutions such as hardware and software upgrades. These operations boost the conveniences and efficiencies offered by the technologies used in the organisation (Bryan 2010). Conclusion According to the theory of disruptive innovation, new ideas can overtake old ones if the incumbent solutions fail to adjust. Telstra an old company in the field of telecommunication realised the shift in technological requirements which they used to enhance their business outcomes. Information technology offers convenient solutions to problems that in other scenarios would require heavy investments to solve, for instance, through spreadsheets, a user can compute data conveniently and give recommendations. This basic application of IT resources outlines its resounding advantages that in essence maximises on the resources available particularly time the most vital resource. Therefore, although organisations like Telstra require business models to succeed, the implementation of these models require efficient environments to succeed which nowadays is offered by information technology. Furthermore, IT has created a new avenue of business through the digital platform it has introduced. In the end, IT now serves as a fundamental element of business that all organisations cannot afford to ignore. References Afzal-Butt. A, 2015, The Role of Information Technology in Business Success, LinkedIn articles, Available from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-information-technology-business-success-abid-afzal-butt [Accessed 17 May 2017] Bryan, 2010, Information Technology Management. Florida Atlantic University. Available at: https://faculty.wiu.edu/P-Schlag/textbook/Chapter%2014%20-%20Information%20Technology%20Management.pdf [Accessed 17 May 2017] Canada Business Network (CBN), 2017, Using technology in your daily operations, Available from: https://canadabusiness.ca/managing-your-business/using-technology-in-your-daily-operations/ [Accessed 17 May 2017] Gocardless guides, 2017, helping large businesses meet new duty to report requirements. Available at: https://gocardless.com/guides/posts/improving-payment-times-part-1 [Accessed 17 May 2017] Kramer. J. W, Jenkins. B Katz. R.S, 2007, the Role of the Information and Communications Technology Sector in expanding Economic Opportunity, Economic opportunity series, Available from: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_22_EO%20ICT%20Final.pdf [Accessed 17 May 2017] Kumar. M. P, 2014, Information Technology: Roles, Advantages and Disadvantages, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Available from: https://www.ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_4/6_June2014/V4I6-0338.pdf [Accessed 17 May 201717] McConnell International, 2000, Cyber Crime . . . and Punishment? Archaic Laws Threaten Global Information, Cybercrime, Available from: https://www.witsa.org/papers/McConnell-cybercrime.pdf [Accessed 17 May 2017] Pilepic. L Simunic. M, 2009, applying information technology to business decision-making in the hotel enterprise, EL klasifikacija / JEL classification, Available from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwij3dHT5dDRAhVMvxQKHZL8D08QFggZMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F74937usg=AFQjCNHV0cDI6II3T5pUgHEnj_EMRSCiewsig2=ARDV0R5RmSy3ALe84HQFYAbvm=bv.144224172,d.d24 [Accessed 17 May 2017] Queensland Government, 2017, What is an information technology risk? Business Queensland. Available at: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-business/protecting-business/risk-management/it-risk-management/defined [Accessed 17 May 2017] Rouse. M, 2017, business process monitoring, Tech target, Available from: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-monitoring [Accessed 17 May 2017] Sheahan. K, 2017, What Are the Advantages of Information Technology in Business? Small business, Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-information-technology-business-774.html [Accessed 17 May 2017] Telstra, 2017, broadband bundles. Official website. Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/broadband